Jun 30, 2026

The vertical batch tables change seems to have significantly increased the I/O cost relative to the horizontal. The horizontal tables produced a neutral if not slightly better outcome with batched verification, despite the significant increase in writes. The net verification cost against both table types inclusive of read and post-processing cost is about the same (350K sps). And the marshalling code is identical. And perf analysis shows a general increase in store contention/paging across the spectrum (all costs increasing as they all resolve to the store (read block, read prevouts, confirmation queries, signature writes). Full CPU validation time when batching vertical is 2x batching horizontal (9 vs. 4.5 hrs), and the latter is slightly better than no batching at all. This is significant enough that we will need to measure the benefit of potentially-optimized GPU throughput against this increased marshalling cost. Since GPU can't make up more than 4.5 hrs on 3 hrs of GPU signing cost, the above is prohibitive even with an infinite sps GPU.