This is the next huge win... doubling the load factor for small RAM machines (16GB) cuts the table heads down to 6GB and completely flattens out the validation time. I would expect this to hold just as well for milestone. This is how we did it previously on the RPi5, with only 4 threads on 1Gbps in 3.0 hrs. I held off bumping up the LF until I had squeezed everything I could get out of the mmap optimizations.